Environmental Science Essay - 1154 Words

Environmental Fundamentals Laura Jackson Env/100 April 8, 2013 JOHN ENSWORTH Environmental Fundamentals Introduction Environmental science is defined as the study of the environment and the interconnecting systems it contains, furthermore, the way people interact with their natural surroundings and use natural resources (wise geek, 2013). Scientist in this field is highly interdisciplinary and extremely diverse, for example, a scientist might study volcanoes or climate change. This essay will cover the following; the definition of environmental science, the relationship between science and technology and how it affects environmental problems; the concept of environmental sustainability and why it should be studied; how human†¦show more content†¦Environmental Sustainability Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the environment are pursued with the idea of keeping the environment as pristine as naturally possible based on ideal-seeking behavior (Wikipedia, 2010). What makes environmental sustainability so important is that it demands that society designs activities to meet human needs while indefinitely preserving the life support systems of the planet (Wikipedia, 2010). Human consumption can only use the nature’s resources at a rate that can be replenished naturally. Human Values affecting Society The most devastating environmental change of all is the loss of biodiversity. The rate of species extinction has remained at one species per million per year, furthermore, the accelerating destruction of habitats throughout the world leads to projections of the loss of two-thirds of all species on earth by the end of this century, and millions of years to recover from the Cretaceous period (mindfully.org, 2013). As individuals, we obtain our food, directly or indirectly from plants, for example, plant our primary use of medicines. Biodiversity also determines the properties of communities and ecosystems, which capture energy from the sun. 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The interactions amongst the collective forces that constructs interdisciplinarity enable us, from an ecological framework, to find inspiration from the abstract into the familiarities of the environmental sciences and studies. Coming to terms with the environmental conditions within the Anthropocene seems to be a pressing matter that leaves the general public worried and within a limbic state of the uncertainty to come. As academics, global citizens, and caretak ers of the landsRead MoreThe Field Of Environmental Science1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary field that integrates biology, ecology, and many others to the study of the environment and the solutions to environmental problems. Because of the expansion of the human population and the ways in which we use our resources, it has resulted in many problems such as climate change and ocean pollution. Many scientists and other various organizations are contributing to finding solutions to the environmental problems. This paper describes theRead MoreThe Environmental Science And Sustainability1268 Words   |  6 PagesRonald Blair Phillips SCI201-1403B-13 Environmental Science and Sustainability Phase 4 Individual Project Instructor: Asma Wasim Sept. 15, 2014 Municipal solid waste (MSW) is all of the garbage, refuse, trash, or junk that gets thrown away from homes and small businesses. All of this MSW is collected and taken away. Have you ever wondered where it goes? In the 1950s and 60s, it went to open dumps. In the 1970s, landfills were established, but there were problems, and today there is new legislationRead MoreEnvironmental Science Essay643 Words   |  3 Pagesplants were created to be on this earth. They did not choose to be here and did not choose to be killed for human pleasure. This law has given these listed species another chance. References: Boorse, D. F. and Wright, R.T. (2011). Environmental Science: Toward a more sustainable future, Eleventh Edition. San Francisco, California: Pearson Benjamin Cummings. USDA Forest Service. (n.d.). Kudzu. Weed of the Week. Retrieved from http://www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants/weeds/kudzu.pdf

Copier Paper Report Example

Essays on Copier Paper Report PowerPoint Presentation Presentation on Copier Paper Report Affiliation: Introduction As a quality analyst at John and Sons Company, I understand that my job description entails looking at products, looking at systems, and looking at materials in order to ensure that there are no defects (Black et al., 2011). All of these activities are for ensuring that the products are subject to make in accordance to the standards set by the company. Since John and Sons Company manufactures fax machines, copiers, and printers that all use plain papers, there is thus need to ensure quality production on all of these three products. For this presentation, I am going to address on quality production of the copier machines that have the capacity of producing 99.5% of paper without getting jammed. The basics to consider in quality assurance In a copier manufacturing process, there is need of a quality analyst to ensure that the digital copier machine is running through specialized software. Quality control in the same machine is possible to achieve through constant monitoring on its performance. There is also need of performing daily calibrations of the digital copier machine (Chapman, 1991). Finally, a quality analysts may also engage in filing and archiving as a procedure of ensuring the set standards of a copier machine are subject to achieve. Calculation on the average paper thickness The average thickness is subject to compute by adding of the possible paper thickness levels of selected papers and then divides with the total numbers of data provided. The calculation is as shown below; Average thickness = {0.00385 + 0.00358 + 0.00372 + 0.00418 + 0.00380 + 0.00399 + 0.00424 + 0.00375 + 0.00449 + 0.00422 + 0.00407 + 0.00434 + 0.00381 + 0.00421 + 0.00397 + 0.00425 + 0.00449 + 0.00462 + 0.00467 + 0.00404 + 0.00391 + 0.00431 + 0.00398 + 0.00415}/ 24 Total = 0.088966/24 Average = 0.00374 Therefore, the average paper thickness to use in the copier machine is 0.00374. Using this paper thickness would help at achieving a target of 99.5% of all paper used without jamming the machine. Calculation of 99.5% Confidence Limit The formula for confidence limit is given by; Sample mean +/- critical value or z-score for 99.5% confidence * standard deviation /sqrt n Through the above formula, there is need to compute the critical value and the standard deviation as well. Part 1: Finding critical value for 99.5% confidence level Graphical representation of 99.5% confidence interval Step 1: subtract 100% to the confidence level in order to find ÃŽ ± level, which is 100% - 99.5% = 0.5%. Step 2: convert the result above into a decimal, which is 0.5%/100% = 0.005 Step 3: divide the result above by two (ÃŽ ±/2), which is 0.005/2 = 0.0025 Step 4: follow by subtracting the value above from 1to find the area in the middle, which is 1 – 0.0025 = 0.9975 Step 5: follow by looking up the area from the step in z-table, which give 2.81. Therefore, 2.81 is the critical value of the 99.5% confidence level. Part 2: calculating the standard deviation Formula for standard deviation is (Mainland, 1956). The ÃŽ ¼ is the mean, which is 0.00374 as calculated earlier. 0.00385 – 0.00374 = (0.00011) 2 = 0.0000000121 0.00358 – 0.00374 = (0.00016)2 = 0.0000000256 0.00372 – 0.00374 = (-0.00002)2 = 0.0000000004 0.00418 – 0.00374 = (0.00044)2 = 0.0000001936 0.00380 – 0.00374 = (0.00006)2 = 0.0000000036 0.00399 – 0.00374 = (0.00025)2 = 0.0000000625 0.00424 – 0.00374 = (0.0005)2 = 0.00000025 0.00375 – 0.00374 = (0.00001)2 = 0.0000000001 0.00449 – 0.00374 = (0.00075)2 = 0.0000005625 0.00422 – 0.00374 = (0.00048)2 = 0.0000002304 0.00407 – 0.00374 = (0.00033)2 = 0.0000001089 0.00434 – 0.00374 = (0.0006)2 = 0.00000036 0.00381 – 0.00374 = (0.00007)2 = 0.0000000049 0.00421 – 0.00374 = (0.00047)2 = 0.0000002209 0.00397 – 0.00374 = (0.00023)2 = 0.0000000529 0.00425 – 0.00374 = (0.00076)2 = 0.0000005776 0.00449 – 0.00374 = (0.00075)2 = 0.0000005625 0.00462 – 0.00374 = (0.00088)2 = 0.0000007744 0.00467 – 0.00374 = (0.00093)2 = 0.0000008649 0.00404 – 0.00374 = (0.0003)2 = 0.00000009 0.00391 – 0.00374 = (0.00017)2 = 0.0000000289 0.00431 – 0.00374 = (0.00057)2 = 0. 0000003249 0.00398 – 0.00374 = (0.00024)2 = 0.0000000576 0.00415 – 0.00374 = (0.00041)2 = 0.0000001681 Sum = 0.0000055373/24 = √ (2.3072 * 10-7) = 0.00048 Therefore, standard deviation is 0.00048 Now, confidence limit is given by; Sample mean +/- critical value or z-score for 99.5% confidence * standard deviation /sqrt n (Mainland, 1956). Where n=24, Critical value is 2.81, standard deviation is 0.00048 and sample mean is 0.00374 Confidence limit = 0.00374 +/- 2.81* 0.00048/√24 = 0.00374 +/- 2.81* 9.797958971*10-5 = 0.00374 +/- 2.753226471*10-4 Therefore; the upper confidence limit is 0.00040 The lower confidence limit is 0.003465 The Data Chart is as shown below; Conclusion The above calculations were all the process of determining the upper and lower confidence limit that would enable the copier into producing 99.5% of all the paper without getting jammed. The resulting outcome is that the company needs to recommend the use of 0.00374 thickness limit of the paper with upper confidence limit of 0.00040 and lower confidence limit is 0.003465. References Black, J. T., Kohser, R. A., DeGarmo, E. P. (2011). DeGarmos materials and processes in manufacturing. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Chapman, J. (1991). Confidence limits and enclosure estimates: Some comments. Agricultural History Review, 39, 1, 48-51. Mainland, D. (1956). Statistical tables for use with binomial samples: - contingency tests, confidence limits, and sample size estimates. New York: Dept. of Medical Statistics, New York Univ. College of Medicine

Technology Management Initiatives in Intel-Samples for Students

Question: Analyse and discuss the innovation technology management initiatives in Intel. Answer: Product differentiation and specialization of Intel Intel product differentiation strategy itself is related to transforming Intel from a PC company to that company which will power the cloud and huge number smart connecting devices. Their spirit of innovation has already made the company remarkable and ranked itself in the market. The core reasons behind its success because of the beliefs that a company holds. The core beliefs include the following. The cloud is one of the most important trend which is being shaped in the future of the smart world. Thus, it has also been used for the product differentiation of Intel as well. Intel aims at focusing on the programmable solutions such as FPGAs which helps in creating new innovative classes of products required for the data center and the internet services (Rowland, 2017). The smart use of 5G has become one of the key technology which has also created an opportunity for Intel to stay connected to the internet world. One of the most known Law i.e. Moores Law has been used by the company that enables the company to deliver true economic impact. The product strategy is totally based on unique assets that helps the company to rank itself in the world. The cloud center and data center, the internet connectivity, memory and FDGAs are combined together that enhances the economies and boost the image of Intel (Krzanich, 2016). Intel has differentiated its product and captured the competitive market because of the major reasons mentioned below. The company has a regular cadence related to the development of new and innovative products or either the improvements in the existing ones. The company aims at integrating team members from RD and other many areas such as manufacturing and production department and ensures that these all departments has the same working schedules. Intel has successfully build its image and has been known as the single company that combines and optimize all the areas such as manufacturing process technology, product design, leading-edge capacity, design tools, masks and packaging in-house The competitors of Intel fails to match with the excellence of products offered by Intel because the company invest huge amount in RD and manufacturing departments which has set a highest standards of products in the market. The products designed by Intel are high quality products which keeps on changing time to time according to latest technologies. The latest technology includes product led, user led and features of market led. The company has the ability to leverage the manufacturing capability which means that the company can easily increase production in order to produce in huge volumes. Increasing production volume and making the product available in the market is one of the important way of creating a competitive advantages in the market (Business Case Study, 2018). Thus, it can be said that the company has adopted huge number of strategies to differentiate its product from the market. The differentiation strategy has been easily adopted and it has successfully helped the company to create its own brand value in the competitive world. Speculative analysis on the future of Intel Speculative analysis execution plays a very major role because it is considered to be one of the major technique which is used by modern performance processors in order to improve performance. The main idea behind this execution is that all the instructions are well executed despite of knowing that they are very much required. In the absence of speculative analysis, processor will have to wait for the prior instructions that needs to be resolved before executing the subsequent. It also helps to improve the performance by reducing latency and mining greater parallelism. One of the major disadvantage of execution is that outcomes may be discarded sometimes. One of the most used form of speculation is that it involves the control flow of a program. Despite of waiting long for all the branches to respond and solve the operations query, the processor helps to predict the control flow by using a very sophisticated collection of mechanisms. The company has successfully achieved a higher per formance by hiding the latency of the several operations that helped in determining the control flow of diagram and booting the parallelism and analyzing the huge pool of instructions. In case of Intel, speculative operations do not affect the processors architectural state. But in some cases, it may affect the micro architectural state which includes information that has been stored in TLBs and caches (Intel, 2018). References Business Case Study. (2018). Using innovation to create competitive advantage. Retrieved 30 March, 2018. https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/intel/using-innovation-to-create-competitive-advantage/competitive-advantage.html Intel. (2018). Intel Analysis of Speculative Execution Side Channels. Retrieved 30 March, 2018. https://newsroom.intel.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/Intel-Analysis-of-Speculative-Execution-Side-Channels.pdf Krzanich, B. (2016). Brian Krzanich: Our Strategy and the Future of Intel. Retrieved 30 March, 2018. https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/brian-krzanich-our-strategy-and-the-future-of-intel/ Rowland, C. (2017). Intels Generic Strategy Intensive Growth Strategies. Retrieved 30 March, 2018. https://panmore.com/intel-generic-strategy-intensive-growth-strategi

Employment Relations Australian Financial Review

Question: Discuss about theEmployment Relations for Australian Financial Review. Answer: Introduction The current report is based on the changes that should be made to Better Off Overall Test. The Fair Work Commission when determining whether to approve a proposed enterprise agreement applies this test. The test is conducted on the basis of the relevant modern award that covers employees that could be covered by the proposed the enterprise agreement. As put forward by Angwin (2017), BOOT requires each award-covered employee as well as each prospective award-covered employee should be better off under the agreement. It is also identified that BOOT develops award conditions that need to be traded off. An agreement passes the better off overall test if Fair Work Commission Australia is satisfied that each award covered employee as well as each prospective award covered employee could be better off overall if they were employed under the agreement instead of the under the relevant modern award (Bray 2014). Fair Work Commission Australia could be able to investigate the cases of employees in implementing the better off overall test. However, as the corporate environment has been dynamic, the policies of Fair Work Commission need to be changed. By evaluating the effectiveness of current policies, a set of suggestions have been provided. Background The Better off overall test is a principle in Australian organizations agreements that need employees are better off under the agreement than if the significant award applied. The Fair Work Commission considered the application of BOOT regarding its application to every single employee or to majority of workers. As put forward by Clark, Taylor and Oakes (2016), the Fair Work Commission discarded a proposed enterprise agreement for Coles Supermarket because it did not pass the better off overall test. When the regulations require that each work should be better off the under an organizational agreement than the award, Fair Work Commission might not be satisfied if a majority of employees will be better off. Thus, a state of disagreement and controversy has been observed between the Fair Work Commission and the employers (Fair Work Commission 2017). It is possible for Fair Work Commission to approve an agreement that does not fulfill the requirement of BOOT, but only in some limited ca ses where the tribunal considers that approval of the agreement is not contrary to the public interest (Hannan 2016). Aim of the Report The aim of the report is to evaluate the effectiveness of Better Off Overall Test and provide suggestions to improve the Test. Thereby, considering this particular aim, the report focuses on the current effectiveness of the test because of which the employers and employees are in the consistent controversy. Scope of the Report The report only focuses on the current effectiveness of BOOT and based on the analysis, it provides suitable strategies that increase the efficiency of the test. However, Fair Work Commission in Australia has certain issues with the Better off test but the report does not include those issues. Discussion BOOT and its introduction The better off overall test is implemented by Fair Work Commission to judge the effectiveness of the proposed enterprise system. This test is significant as it is developed on the basis of relevant modern award that includes workers that need to be covered by the proposed enterprise system. It includes each award-covered worker as well as each potential award-covered to better off under the agreement. In order to decrease the level of inefficiency and flaws in the employment policy, the Fair Work Commission has introduced BOOT. According to the principles of Fair Work Commission, the enterprise agreement must pass the better off test (Fair Work Commission 2016). Thereby, the Commission accepts the terms of the enterprise agreement or the outcome of the Test, each award-covered employee must be better off under the agreement in comparison with the relevant modern award. The Commission in Australia has shown its concern regarding the pay rates for junior as well as casual employees in the agreement. BOOT Applied to Coles The department of Fair Work Commission disapproved the proposed enterprise agreement for Coles Supermarket due, since it did not pass the better off overall test. As per the regulations, each employee should be better off under an enterprise agreement instead of the award. The organization Coles tried to minimize the penalty rates as well as compensate for the deduction via entitlements. The enterprise argued that by increasing the standard rate to a certain extent and providing other significant benefits. As per the regulation, the company has to compensate its employees adequately for the loss of wages. According to department of Fair Work Commission, the contingent leave entitlements depended on a particular employee availing that leave benefit. In several cases, these contingent entitlement might not properly compensate for the clear as well as unambiguous deduction in wages at the time of penalty rate periods (Hannan 2016). Eventually, the Fair Work Commission in Australia advis ed Coles to reapply for the acceptance of revised enterprise agreement once the company identified these deficiencies. Thereby, while reapplying for the approval of new enterprise system, Coles developed undertakings to meet the criteria of Commissions concern with an undertaking of giving employees a right to ask for a reconciliation to check employees wages in roster criteria is larger than what will be entitled to receive. Based on the undertakings provided by the company Coles, the newly proposed agreement was further approved (Oakes and Clark 2016). Thereafter, according to the criteria, an individual employee sough leaves to appeal the accepted decision on certain grounds that should include the following The agreement did not fulfill the criteria of BOOT and the non-monetary benefits under the agreement seem to be unacceptable to offset a negative wage outcome A clause dealing with the pay rates for part-time workers who accepted additional hours developed a clear detrimental to part time workers The reconciliation technique undertaking considered by Coles is only triggered on the demand of a worker In spite of the objection of Coles, Fair Work Commission agreed to the appeal mentioning the core significance of assuring that the agreement meets the criteria of BOOT considering the significant number of workers, who might be disallowed from the benefits if BOOT is not properly passed. The Fair Commission Work has decided that Coles did not meet the criteria of BOOT and the company was given a particular deadline to deliver fresh undertaking to identify the concerns of the Commission. Nevertheless, the company was failed to provide these undertakings and as the consequence, the agreement has now been disapproved in spite of reports of stringent support of employees. Consequently, almost 10,000 employees of Coles how were covered by the agreement have now fallen back under the earlier agreement developed in 2011 (Stevens 2017). BOOT was applied to HM The Fair Work Commission has disapproved an application by H M to approve their 2016 enterprise agreement based on the fact that it did not pass Better Off Overall Test. The Fair Work Commission department puts an end to the long-term dispute over the agreement between HM and the shop. In accordance with the application approval, an analysis of 50 randomly selected casual rosters by the SDA identified that two out of 50 employees were deprived from the benefits in comparison with the award under the agreement. The fundamental claims increased the concerns regarding less break times as well as the working hours being averaged to assure that employees were not being told to work on weekdays as well as weekends frequently. As put forward by Desir (2017) the loss of penalty rates on Saturday, weeknights and Sunday leaves were not given compared to the awards. In this context, Low (2017) also commented that non-casual employee working above 60% of the hours after 6 pm on weekdays will be worse off than the award under the agreement. In order to respond to the situation, HM reported that agreement left salaried workers better off overall as it requires them to guarantee minimum salaries for all hours worked fulfilled the criteria of award. The company also provides long breaks, volunteer leaves and parent leaves as well as increased notice of termination. In this context, Marin-Guzman (2017) commented that over several months, the SDA on supporting HM retail workers right across the nation increased its concern with the agreement. The company did not comply with the BOOT test. Like the employees in others, the workers of retail employees deserve fair pay, adequate breaks as well as decent working conditions that give them a chance to keep the balance between their personal as well as family lives. In addition to this, SDA is trying to negotiate an agreement with HM that contain fair pay as well as working condition. Thus, they could compile with the conditions of Fair Work Commission tries to compile with the conditions of Fair Work Commissions Better Off Test. Strength and Weakness of BOOT Strength The introduction of BOOT is effective for the workers as they have the opportunity to avail the necessary employee benefits working in an enterprise (Stevens 2017). The BOOT agrees to the conditions to be traded off as long as the overall benefits received by the employees remain as more favorable The employees feel a sense of satisfaction as the employers negotiating with the enterprise agreement the workers. The employers must have to consider all required conditions, benefit as well as disadvantages to keep pace with the modern corporate environment While preparing enterprise agreements, the organizations need not be concerned with assuring each and every conditions that leave the workers better off instead of being covered by the advanced award. For the employers, BOOT could deliver a much simpler system for compensating the employees when compared to the strict application of the significant relevant advanced awards. In several workplace, there is more than one award that is applicable to its employees. The BOOT test could streamline this technique by incorporating penalty rates, overtime as well as other allowances entitlement into a base rate payable to worker in accordance with the classification. Weakness For organizations, the major disadvantage is the time as well as cost required to negotiate enterprise bargaining to manage the approval process with the Fair Work Commission (Patrick 2017) The organization must have to follow the stringent procedures as well as the timeframe that needs to be implemented. The failure to the implementation could lead result in the rejection of agreement If workers want to be represented by the union, they have to pay union fees, which over time could amount to a particular amount of money (Marin-Guzman 2017). To approve the enterprise agreement, the organizations require a majority of votes and if the employees do not agree with the union, the union does not have to any options besides subject to the agreement. Table 1: Strength and Weakness (Source: Marin-Guzman 2017) How BOOT test can be improved The implementation of BOOT has always been effective for the organization as it helps the organizations to deal with the employees and their external disputes. If an organization passes the BOOT test and the company is able to satisfy Fair Work Commission, the employees of each department will better off under the enterprise agreement. However, it is also observed that Fair Work Commission is involved into the dispute with the enterprise regarding the Fair work judgment. Thus, it is necessary for the enterprise to pass BOOT test to avoid the dispute with the employees and Work Commission. Fair Work Commission has to make the judgment to make up for any loss of award entitlements and conditions. In some particular context, Fair Work Commission could approve an organization agreement that does fulfill BOOT. Moreover, Fair Work Commission should ensure an individuals base rate of pay under an organization agreement should not be less than the base rate of pay under the relevant modern a ward. The Fair Work Commission could vary an organizations agreement to remove the ambiguity as well as uncertainty on the application of companies. In this context, () commented that in order to avoid the disputes as well as its consequences, the enterprise and the workers could make a joint application to Fair Work Commission. Conclusion On the completion of the report, it can be added that enterprises should comply with the rules and regulations developed by Fair Work Commission. In order to avoid the employee dispute and pressure from the Commission, the enterprise should comply pass the BOOT test. However, it is also observed that the decision of Fair Work Commission will set a precedent but it will not be an eventual solution for other sectors in Australia. To avoid the further dispute with the Enterprises, the Fair Work Commission should implement the following recommendations. Recommendation To balance the benefits of both employers and the employees, Fair Work Commission needs to become an independent body with the power to implement a series of actions that are effective for all parties involved in the scenario. The department of Fair Work Commission should cover employers, workers, unions as well as other associates. The Fair Work Commission should develop the following principles to keep the balance among all parties. The principles must include the following business, as there are many sectors where the workers do not receive the fair judgment Any organization that is constitutional corporation Any organization in Victoria The commonwealth authority All registered organizations The Fair Work Commission should exercise the powers outlined in the dispute resolutions techniques. The Commission should assist with the dispute by mediation or developing a suggestion. The Commission could arbitrate the dispute if the dispute resolution techniques allow the parties. Moreover, the general protections provisions of Fair Work Commission should focus on protecting the employees from the possible adverse actions based on certain rights such as workplace right, entitlement right as well as industrial activities. The dispute resolution process of Fair Work Commission should include conciliation. Instead of continuing with the existing principles, Fair Work Commission should publish a comprehensive guide with the intensive information about the procedures. References Angwin, M 2017. EBAs are now just a blockage to productivity, Australian Financial Review, 14 February, p. 39. Bray, M, Waring, P, Cooper, R and Macneil, J. 2014. Employment relations: Theory and practice, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Education (Australia), North Ryde. Clark, S, Taylor, J and Oakes, D 2016. Coles could be forced to renegotiate pay deal with thousands of workers after Fair Work ruling, ABC News, 31 May. Available at URL: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-05-31/part-time-coles-worker-wins-fair-case-against-supermarket-giant/7463132 [Accessed 28 February 2017]. Desir, B 2017. HM enterprise agreement fails BOOT, National Retail Association, 29 January. Available at URL: https://www.nra.net.au/hm-enterprise-agreement-fails-boot/ Fair Work Commission (FWC) 2016. Decision FWCFB 2887: s.604 Appeal of decisions: Vice President Watson, Deputy President Kovacic Commissioner Roe: Melbourne, 31 May 2016, FWC, Commonwealth Government Printer. Fair Work Commission (FWC) 2017. Decision FWC 310: s. 185 Application for approval of a single-enterprise agreement: H M Pty Ltd, Sydney, 16 January 2017, FWC, Commonwealth Government Printer. Hannan, E. 2016. Coles workers may lose pay rise after Fair Work veto, Australian Financial Review, 10 June, p. 7. Hannan, E. 2016. Fair Work ruling could hurt Coles staff, Australian Financial Review, 1 June, p. 3. Low, C. 2017. HM fails to secure enterprise agreement, Sydney Morning Herald, 17 January. Available at URL: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/hm-fails-to-secure-enterprise-agreement-20170117-gtsxwl.html [Accessed 28 February 2017]. Marin-Guzman, D. 2017. Fair Work takes swipe at H M over failing to disclose pay cuts, Australian Financial Review, 18 January, p. 3. Marin-Guzman, D. 2017. Watson cuts moorings with final dissent, Australian Financial Review, 23 January, p. 4. Oakes, D and Clark, S. 2016. Coles refuses to boost penalty rates for workers despite Fair Work ruling, ABC News, 10 June. Available at URL: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-09/coles-refuses-to-boost-penalty-rates-despite-fair-work-ruling/7496114 [Accessed 28 February 2017]. Patrick, A. 2017. Fair Work Commission at war with itself, Australian Financial Review, 24 January, p. 37. Stevens, M. 2017. Brutally honest of broken system, Australian Financial Review, 23 January, p. 28. Stevens, M. 2017. Fair Work tinkers as IR system burns, Australian Financial Review, 24 February, p. 32.

The Failure of United Nations Peacekeeping free essay sample

The Republic of Rwanda is a country located in East-Central Africa. It is surrounded by the countries Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its capital city is Kigali. 1. 1 Pre-Colonial Rwanda In the fifteenth century, one chiefdom managed to integrate several of its neighbors, hereby establishing the Kingdom of Rwanda. This kingdom ruled over most of what is now considered Rwanda. Through a contract known as ubuhake, the Hutu farmers pledged their services and those of their descendants to a Tutsi lord in return for the loan of cattle and use of pastures and arable land.Thus, the Tutsi reduced the Hutu to virtual serfdom. However, boundaries of race and class became less distinct over the years as some Tutsi declined until they enjoyed few advantages over the Hutu. Although some ethnic Hutus were among the nobility and significant intermingling took place, the Hutu made up 82–85% of the population and were mostly poor peasants. We will write a custom essay sample on The Failure of United Nations Peacekeeping or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In general, the kings, known as Mwamis, were Tutsi. Besides the Tutsis and Hutus, there are also the Twas. The Twas, or pygmy people, are often neglected to be mentioned in history. Although several thousand Twas were killed during the 1994 genocide. 1. 2 Colonial RwandaAlthough the Hutus and Tutsis had their ethnic conflict, it had never led to any real slayings between these two ethnic groups. At least not until the kingdom of Rwanda became colonized by the Germans in the 19th century. â€Å"The Germans were the first Europeans to set foot in Rwanda. † Although there was already some sort of ethnic division among the Hutus and the Tutsis, it was the Germans that brought the situation to escalation. The Tutsis considered themselves superior to the Hutus and the Twas. When the Germans came they did not try and change this way of thinking in Rwanda. Instead, the Germans encouraged train of thought.Actually, the Germans went a step further by classifying these people. Tutsis were those that had a â€Å"European nose† and were light-skinned. Because of their outward appearance, the Germans regarded the Tutsis as being the superior race in Rwanda. They (the Germans) made sure that the Tutsis were the ruling race and the Hutus the inferiors. After World War I, control of Rwanda passed to Belgium. Rwanda was then known as Ruanda-Urundi. Though there was a new nation to govern Rwanda, the Belgians continued with the ethnic division. During this period, citizens of Rwanda were given racial identification cards.These cards indicated whether one was Hutu, Twa or Tutsi. Later on this slightly changed due to the fact that there were many wealthy Hutus. The citizens still given racial identification cards but now if a citizen owned 10 or more cows he/she was then considered Tutsi. 1. 3 The Years Following Colonialism In 1962, Rwanda was granted independence by Belgium and from this point on the racial hatred grew. Unlike all the previous years, the Hutus took control in Rwanda. The first Rwandan president, Gregoire Kayibanda, was a Hutu and was president from 1962 until 1973, when he was relieved of his presidency by Juvenal Habyarimana, also a Hutu.Under the presidency of Juvenal Habyarimana, Rwanda did enjoy a few years of economic prosperity. This, however, did not last all too long. Many Tutsis had fled Rwanda to Burundi when the Hutus came to power, because they feared that they would be treated badly due to the history shared by these two ethnic groups. While in Burundi, the Tutsis were able to seize military control over the country. This led to random violence within the country. It is estimated that in Burundi, more that 20,000 Hutus were slaughtered by the Tutsi army. Although there were many uprisings by the Hutus, the Tutsi army in Burundi was much too powerful.Around 1986, Tutsi military leader by the name of Paul Kigame and Fred Rwigema formed the Rwandan Patriot Front, better known as the RPF. The RPF began creating an army in order to invade Rwanda from Uganda. In 1990, the RPF invaded Rwanda from Uganda which eventually led to the establishment of the anti-Tutsi propaganda by the Hutus. The fighting continued for 3 years, until in 1993 the Arusha Declaration was signed by both sides. The Declaration was supposed to be a beginning for a cease-fire. However, neither side abided by the declaration and the fighting continued.

Platypus Facts (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)

Platypus Facts (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) The platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is an unusual mammal. In fact, when its discovery was first reported in 1798, British scientists thought the creature was a hoax made by stitching together parts of other animals. The platypus has webbed feet, a bill like a duck, lays eggs, and males have venomous spurs. The plural form of platypus is a matter of some dispute. Scientists typically use platypuses or platypus. Many people use platypi. Technically, the proper Greek plural is platypodes. Fast Facts: Platypus Scientific Name: Ornithorhynchus anatinusCommon Names: Platypus, duck-billed platypusBasic Animal Group: MammalSize: 17-20 inchesWeight: 1.5-5.3 poundsLifespan: 17 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Eastern Australian including TasmaniaPopulation: ~50,000Conservation Status: Near Threatened Description The platypus has a keratin bill, a broad flattened tail, and webbed feet. Its dense, waterproof fur is dark brown, becoming paler around its eyes and on its belly. The male has one venomous spur on each hind limb. Males are larger than females, but size and weight varies considerably from one individual to another. The average male is 20 inches in length, while females are around 17 inches long. Adults weigh anywhere from 1.5 to 5.3 pounds. The male platypus has a venomous spur on its hind limb. Auscape, Getty Images Habitat and Distribution The platypus lives along streams and rivers in eastern Australia, including Tasmania. It is extinct in South Australia, except for an introduced population on Kangaroo Island. Platypuses live in diverse climates, ranging from tropical rainforests to cold mountains. Platypus distribution (red: native; yellow: introduced). Tentotwo, Creative Commons License Diet and Behavior Platypuses are carnivores. They hunt worms, shrimp, insect larvae, and crayfish at dawn, dusk, and night. The platypus closes its eyes, ears, and nose when it dives and moves its bill from side to side, much like a hammerhead shark. It relies on a combination of mechanosensors and electrosensors in its bill to map its surroundings. The mechanosensors detect touch and movement, while the electrosensors sense tiny electrical charges released by muscle contractions in living organisms. The only other mammal to use electroreception to seek prey is a species of dolphin. Reproduction and Offspring Except for the echidna and platypus, mammals give birth to live young. Echidnas and platypuses are monotremes, which lay eggs. The platypus mates once each year during the breeding season, which occurs between June and October. Normally, a platypus lives a solitary life in a burrow above the water level. After mating, the male departs for his own burrow, while the female digs a deeper burrow with plugs to control environmental conditions and protect her eggs and young. She lines her nest with leaves and grass and lays between one and three eggs (usually two). The eggs are small (under half an inch) and leathery. She curls around her eggs to incubate them. The eggs hatch after about 10 days. The hairless, blind young drink milk released by pores in the mothers skin. The offspring nurse for about four months before emerging from the burrow. At birth, both male and female platypuses have spurs and teeth. The teeth drop out when the animals are very young. The females spurs drop off before she is a year old. A platypus reaches sexual maturity in its second year. In the wild, a platypus lives at least 11 years. They have been known to reach 17 years of age in captivity. Conservation Status The IUCN classifies the platypus conservation status as near threatened. Researchers estimate the number of mature animals anywhere between 30,000 and 300,000, usually settling on a number around 50,000. Threats Although protected since 1905, platypus numbers have been decreasing. The species faces habitat disruption from irrigation, dams, and pollution. Disease is a significant factor in Tasmania. However, the most significant threat is reduced water availability from human use and droughts caused by climate change. The Platypus and Humans The platypus is not aggressive. While its sting may be fatal to smaller animals, such as dogs, there has never been a documented human fatality. The animals venom contains defensin-like proteins (DLPs) that cause swelling and excruciating pain. Additionally, a sting results in heightened pain sensitivity that may persist for days or months. If you want to see a living platypus, you have to travel to Australia. As of 2017, only select aquariums in Australia house the animals. The Healesville Sanctuary in Victoria and the Taronga Zoo in Sydney have successfully bred platypuses in captivity. Sources Cromer, Erica. Monotreme Reproductive Biology and Behavior. Iowa State University. April 14, 2004.Grant, Tom. The platypus: a unique mammal. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-86840-143-0.Groves, C.P. Order Monotremata. In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 2, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.Moyal, Ann Mozley. Platypus: The Extraordinary Story of How a Curious Creature Baffled the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-8018-8052-0.Woinarski, J. A.A Burbidge. Ornithorhynchus anatinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T40488A21964009. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40488A21964009.en

Paper on Business proposal Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paper on Business - Thesis Proposal Example This would ensure RDH regains its lost reputation and has a competitive advantage in the market. Organizational change in an effective way can be a difficult proposition for any given company, no matter how big or small it is. Many of the multinational companies all around the world have tried to bring about changes related to different aspects of the company. Some have been able to affect the change quite effectively, while others failed to do so successfully. Various factors are needed to be considered while bringing about an effective change or transformation in an organization. Out of those factors the two most important aspects are: a) establishment of a clear vision and b) being able to communicate that particular vision to all the organizational members. In accordance with John P. Kotter, he lays down eight basic steps leading to the transformation of any organization. Out of those eight steps mentioned by Kotter, the third step tells about the creation of a vision for the company to help lead to the change within the organization. It also includes development of strategies which, when implemented, could lead to an effective change in the organization. There is plenty of evidence regarding failure in the efforts made by the organizations to make an effective transformation in its organizational culture because of lack of efficient communication about its vision. The fourth step in organizational transformation, as mentioned by Kotter, is about communication of the companys vision to all its employees and other concerned stakeholders. The next step that is step five includes empowering the other employees of the organization to facilitate working in alignment with the set vision of the company (Kotter 4). RDH has identified that there is a need for change in the culture of the organization. Therefore in order to facilitate such change, they took various steps to initiate the change program. The company then selected Hotel